Steel form for and method of applying cement linings to pipe lines, tunnels, etc.



April 7, 1925. i 1,532,555

'J. T. RICE STEEL FORM FOR AND METHOD 0F APPLYING CEMENT LININGS T0 PIPE LINES, TUNNELS, ETC

Filed Sept. 25. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l VEN-TOR QW M, I './fl-

/m ATTO NEYS A J. T. RICE STEEL FORM'FOR AND METHOD OF APPLYING CEMENT LININGS- 'TO PIPE LINES, TUNNELS, ETC

Filed Sept. 23, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 7,` -1925. 1,532,555

QW" W( H M AZIZTORNEYS Patented Api'. 7, 1925.

clix.,

nsii'snsrarss sereni' clerics.

.iosnrii fr. nien, on KINGSTON, iinw Yeni-r.

STEEL FORNI FOR ND RIETI-.520D GF APPLYNG CEMENT LNINGS TG FIPE LNES, TUNNELS, ETC.

Application filed September 23, 1924. Serial No. 739,405.

To all fio/iam t may concern.:

Ee it 1niown that l, JOSEPH T. RICE, a izen ot the United States, and resident of sten, in the county ot Ulster and State 5 of llew .orlr,v have invented certain new fnl linprovements in Steel Forms for ethocs or Applying' Cement Linings o ,pe Lines, Tunnels, llltc., Ot which the 'following is aspecilication.

ly invention relates to steel forms and the method of applyino' them, to line with cement steel pipes and other curved snrlaces. l

ln preparing forms for linings tor riveted steel pipe lines and other curved surfaces, the present practice is to use forms, which require complicated bracing; to support the tori-ns while the cement lining' is hardeniiltg. lis it isA important to have the forms adapt themselves to the inner contour of the pipe line or similar surfaces, the present .factice is to prepare, lit and brace the he work progresses and the 'form are broken down a'tter the ce- 'lhis has been very expensive,

Y, et. both in aoor and material. Further, ithas been diliicn t to pnt in such forms and bracdie to the 'fact that such hningsmust "-'3 in aiter the pipe lines are laid, which a very restricted place in which to invention, l provide steel terms readily installed vand removable, ible, and cap-aisle of continuous and i, 'o :le re-.use and ,being sectional in characterA can be made of any length that the particular job shows is desirable.

linother object of my invention is to obvithe destruction and refabrioat-ion of heee terms to lit the interior contour ot the )ipe line.

Another object otl my invention is to obviate the use ot arch hracings to support the forms while the concrete is beingv set.

Another object ot my invention is to provide i1 ins to auton'ia-tically secure a predelcrmi l space between the interior sui'- ce ol the pipe line and the outermost sur- Fig. 2 is a cross-section along thev line A-A Fig. l.

Fig'. 3 is av cross-section along the line ll-B Fig. Q.

Figyel is a cross-section of the pipe line and arch forms.

Fig'. 5 is a cross-section alongthe line C-C, Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a cross-section detail along` the' line D-D Fig. l of the means for locking' the arch plates and arch rib.

7 shows a detail ot the spacing' pins and is a cross-section along` the line D-D Fig. Ll. y

ln the drawings, the riveted steel pipeline l. is to be lined with cement lining' 2. lhile the drawings show a steel pipe line l. it is obvious that my invention may be employed in lining with cement, the inside oi' a curved tunnel or other continuous, curved surfaces.

ils shown in Fig. l, the lower seo'ment Vof the cement lining' 2 is termed with the use ot a bottom invert plate 3 and two side invert plates 4l, which are laid longitudinally of the pipe line l, having been bent to tit' The grooves 9, and the tongues 10, are so constructed that the tongues 10, Will readily iit into the grooves 9, to hold together the bottom invert plates and tivo side invert plates.

ln practice l have iound that the weight of the bottoni and side invert plates 3 and i is suiiiciently- `great so thatJ but slight bracing is needed while the gront or niortar is poured. A simple 'forni -ot such bracing is employed such as shown in dotted lines at 2O Fig'. 1, or another form is that of an inverted T as indicated by 26a. This latter forni is preferable in practice, in permitting the passage of Workmen in the tunnel.

rilhe upper segment ot cement lining 2 is laid with the use oit steel arch plates 12, one or" which is shown in Fig. l said arch plates being set np transversely of the pipeline 1.

These steel plates 12, have open holes 13, punched in the saine, in which are inserted spacing" pins 14, which fasten to the plate 12, by the nuts 12in. These spa ing pins project 'frein the outside circumference ot the arch plate 12 the intended tniclrness of the great to be poured between the inner circumference ci the pipe line 1 and the ontside circumference of the arch 'plates 12. This is shown in detail 'in Fig. 7.

Said arch plates 12 are bent so that the spacing` pins 11i Will contact with the inner circumference ot' the pipe line 1, regardless ot' Whether or not the inner circumference assinnes a true circle. 'llhis is hereinafter rnore fully described.

'llo the inner side of said arch plates 12 are riveted the angle irons 15. @ver the side edges et' the plates 12 is placed an arch rib 16, which serves as an anxiliary stiiiieningl ineans, the edges of said arch plates 12 beingv brought inintiinate contact by ydrivingj the WedgingI clips 1'?, into holes 15, provided therefor in the angle irons.

rlhe ends of said arch plates 12 have riveted at the ends thereof the angle irons 22.

rlhe arch ribs 16 have abntrnents 18 'ornied by reversely bending the ends thereot to torni an eye, the extreme ends or" the blank engaging the inner surface of the rib as at 1 9. The Wedges 23 are driven between the abntinents 18 on the arch ribs 16 and the angle iron 22 on the arch plates 12 to anse aid arch ribs to Contact with and reint'. :ce the arch plates.

The bracing 20b serves as a base for the blocks 20c. lVe-dges 21 are driven, exerting' endivise iressnre on thearch plates and ribs, hereby cansinc, the spacing` pins 14e to come in intimate Contact with the inner surface of the pipe lire and antoniatcally adjust the outside periphery et the arch plates to the inside periphery or" the pipe line 1.

By the use of this construction an interior space is pro Yided for the gront, which `Iorins are snfiiciently strong so that none ot the draw the arch plates 12, .together the edges thereoit and te hold l porting arch rib interposed between the e snr said Le 15, anc '.i'ed

i'i'laving described cert i the ineans employed in niy invention, the ietnod by Wh ch sain nie ns are employed and the lein i t lining laid will new be describe .1. ber purposes et illustration, let it stnned that the pipe line 1, in this partienlar torni, has inside diameter of 8 and to have a cement inner l` thicx.

The pipe line 1, being` oi' light flexible steel without ribs, the various sections ot which are nierely riveted together at the sear'is so that the pipe line as a Whole is incre or less de ble SO ...y la the saine under the pressure occnrringin actual condition of use. in viiv of the ditiuerences in topography Where the pipes are laid.y and variations in Water (w y Y `innterence oit' the pipe l.' thereof will assnnie s (littering troni true if a hill Where ot the pipe line te i, the pipe line assuming iiptical shape, with the nin n the vertical. lilhen the .lin ine-.nent shape,

eter., so that 195 in view o shape of the absolutely not specially i ated,

inner it has heretofore been to Vese torins that are in place, to con- U Ai con-toni the pipe line rti lar place.

tuera. ii practice, it is lilieivise 5 the mortar lin T is to save the reste oi incr to assure the largestpcssiole for the ilovv ot Water.

By nse oit iny for; s has been found `aile to have stan y el forins that y automatically advinst themselves to Uitmfes of slidingA the nterlovl pee'. s re inter ioi te ier-pore in Aesther sn n ."5 itai lining,

to the tion' oi water.

AThe lowermo'st segment of cement lining between the points --5,.Fig. 1, is laid in the following manner: on the lowermost portion oit kthe pipe line 1, is placed trans-V versely of the length thereof, two inverted bulkheads 6. Thesenbulkheads are orp any suitable form, preferably using 2. X 2 X 1/4 angle irons that are 13 long and are laid less than 8 6 apart, and have been Jroi-med to substantially tit the inner circumference of the pipe line 1, and these bulkheads, being of light weight, are readily adjustable to the diiierences in contour of the inner circumference of the lower segment of the pipe linel.

Longitudinally of the pipe line and at right angles with said bulkheads 6, I place the bottom invert plate 8,' which is 8` 6 long by ll wide, of No. plate. The two side invert plates, each of similar dimensions, are fastened to the bottom invert plate by the tongue and groeve 7, 8, 9 and 10 heretofore described. Grout is then poured in at the points 5, until filled.

This process is repeated at intervalsot less than 8 6 leaving between each set of lower forms and bulkheads an intervening` portion of the pipe line that has not had the cement lining applied.

The bullilieads 6 and the plates 4, 8, 4, are then removed after the cement has set. The plates 1, 3, 4, are then put on the cement lining that has already been laid and the grout is poured in at both ends to lill the space not previously poured, thereby saving the necessityof laying the bulkheads 6 for these inte-rvening sections.

Further, by this method the invert bulkheads t3 are prevented from becoming embedded in the cement. y

It' it is desirable to have the lower segment of the cement lining laid in a con tinuous strip, this may be done by placing the spacing pins heretoforedescribed in connection with the arch plates 12, on the outer periphery of the invert lower and side plates 3, et instead of using the bulli:- heads 6 heretofore described.

W'hen the cement lining is laid and set in the loivermost segment between the points 5, 5, the concrete lining tor the remaining uppermost segment is then put in, in the following fashion: y

The arch plates in the construction here described are preferably 22% wide by' 17 long or" No. 1G plate. As the cement lining is to be 2 thick, the spacing Apins project 2 from the outermost surface of the arch plates 12. Y

Arch plates 12, and ribv 16 are put on driving the wedges .3, between the abutments 18, on the arch ribs and the yangle irons 22 on the arch plate. The arch rib 16 is preferably 4c X 1/2 2: 17. `Arch plates 12 and arch rib 16 are fastened together by the wedging link 17, to cause the edges of the arch plates to meet. Then the wedges 21 are driven in to torce the spacing pinsrin intimate contact with the interior circumference of the pipe line 1, re-

-O'ardless of the sha e thereof and the asb c u n vseinbled forms are illustrated in Figs. 6.

In practice, l have found that these arch plates 12, are so well sustained at the bottom by the wedging action of the wedges and the strengthening of the arch ribs 16 that all the links 17 are not necessary and seme of them may be dispensed with in actual practice.

When suiiicient of these arch plates have been assembled the grout is `poured down into the grout holes 2a, which khave been provided at intervals in the steel pipe lines. This grout flows byA gravity in the space between the inner "surface ezt' the pipe line 1 and the outer surface of the arch plate 12, until it contacts on both sides with the lowermost segment ofin the concrete lining which has' already been laid, and completes cement lining up to the grout holes 24. while the cement lining is being set in these forms similar arch forms are being installed, as just described.

1n practice I iind that the typical pouring length for the arch forms is 120 feet containing 9 grout holes. In beginning to enclose a clearance space Jfor the overhead cement lining or at the terminal of a 120 foot length of the forms, employ a bulkhead 6 like lower bulkheads 6 of 2 X 2 :i 1/, angle iron (but inverted) braced against the inner periphery of the pipe line and projecting a distance equal to the thickness of the mortar lining, which in this instance is 2. The purpose of this bull;- head is to'stop lthe cement, when poured, from exuding at the open` end of a length yof overhead arch forms.

When the upper concrete lining is set, l the links, and wedges and blocks are Vremoved, the arch plates and arch ribs are then taken down and all reassembled in another part of the work.

The pins 111 are tapered and therefore easily removed from the concrete by tapping the arch plates, the holes lett by such pins being later pointed.

ByA this method steel forms are made standard, are easily applied, are automatically adjustable to interior circumference and may be used again and again, without refabrication and without .the usual complicated bracing. rihe iorms are oi2 such sizes as are capable of easy handling, in the close quarters oit the interior of a pipe line. rlhe method et applying the cement. lining is continuous. This method results in very material savings in labor,

`material and the time necessary to comple-te the lining of pipe lines, tunnels, etc.

-lAiiether embodiment# ofv my invent-ion, iwherein theY grout may be"poui`.'ed vloiitffolice and?V the* complete circumference of the lining made `at A one; pouring; is as '-Ltollows: rt'terithe liottom'and' sidefinvert plates are laid asfilieretor'ore described, -inst'ead of pouring the groutfthe arch "iormsare put liip"a"ndy wedged to the lonei'v 'terms vand 'where found necessary bracing lmay 1loeiised, 'fbloclrs Eind ived es being iisedfas heretofore described.

By following 'thisi procedure,I there is a lcomplete inner chaiiiber oi apredetermined Width, the space in the loivermostf periph- "ery being-predeterinined bythe biillrheads 'and'in'the uppermost periphery" by" the spacing; pins.

The grout isithenpon'red" throiigh the gromt 'holes Q" 'filling'. the lentire vinner ciamber and ne' 'ceinent lining is made in one pouring. ln following this'procedure it2 isz preferable' to have lthe arch plates 251/2 widegso that theividth oi four of "said 4"tiansverse arch plaies`y ivill': equal the lengtn 'of the longitudinalliottonr and'` side invert 4plates li'ese' lr'or is' are'so V`l'exiliile'when disassembled, that tlievaie'notv vonly adjustable toithecntoiii ot the Iinterior circumference of the' 8 10' pipeline hutthey-are also" -adjustable for use in pipe lines' of seinevvhat'smaller or larger diameters.

vForconvenience or" description the foregoing Vspecili'cation has gone into details'as to the vdii'i'ie'nsions of the "torins'having an inside diameter 058 Snchdiinensions linayvary under diile'ient conditions, and l "do not'limit in yselrto the'dii'iiensions herein set toi-th.

'ltf will betliiis'seen that thereisherein Vdescribed apparatus in which the several 'features of 'this' invention are embodied, and which apparatus in its actionattains 'the various yobjeets'ot theV invention and is Well siiited'to ineet the vreqiiiremens of prac- 'tical use.

i'isinany changes'could be made inthe above constructions, and many apparently wide 1llerent' embodiments 01"" this invention coiild'lie iliade v'vithoiit departing from tlielscopei'thereol', it is `intended vthat all matter contained in'the' above description Aoi"""s'liown inthe accompanying 'drawings shall be interpreted as illustrativeandfno ina" limiting sense.

' 1J 'En forms tor lining with cen/lent? pipe lines and-:the like, longitudinalbottoin and side i'nvert plates' demountalily fastened; arch plates land arch ribs, deinonritably 'i'astenedf supportii'ig and Avedging :ineens ati the abiitinents thereof;V andineans to space the outside periphery or" the`plates a predetermined distance from the inner periphery Vet 4the pipe' line.

'said arch `plates,"'said "linking lines and the" like,*longitiidinl 'bottom `and side iiiif'ertplates, tongiiei-andgroovecon- 'n'ecti-'ons "bet-Ween the: side edges plates,"-'archA platesand'farch ribs, demonntor" said ably *fastened fsiip'porting and Wedging ineans at the abiitinen'ts thereof; anchine'ans to spacetheloiitside periphery ofthe plates 'a predetermined' distance *iti-onithe 'inner on the innei'p'eriphery of" said arch plates, "sald'linlrnjig Ai'neans linking the arch plates `and arch ribs Y'and'ivet 'gingineans at'the abiitinfents of the'arch platesand archiibs,

toifoi'ce the spacing pins in"iiitiinate" ccntact'fivith the 'inner' 3'e'r-iphery "oi" the pipe lline andl to siipportthe said arch -plates 'and ribs.

4. ln forms iior'lining,Withc'ement pipe lines and' the "like, standard" longitudinal bottom and sideinvert plates,deinouiitably fastened standard arch plates and arch "ribs, deinou'ntahlv fastened, standardy Siip portinn andiive't ging- 'ineans at Athe ahntnients thereof; andl'nieans tofispace the outside perir l hery'.' of' the plates 'a predetermined distance"fromy the` innen periphery of the pipe line, all'loi said-"parts beiiif "iii'tei' changeable' and 'czip'able ot re-use ror their respeetive"`purposes- 5. -lnf'forins for lining with cement pipe lines and the like, standard longitudinal liottorn andsideV invert plates, tongueV and groove connections betweenfthe side edges lo1 said plates, standard arch plates and arch ribs,'deinoiintably lastened supporting and Wedging means at the abiitments thereof; and ineens vto .space the outside peripherT ofthe plates zipredetermined distance 'trein the inner yperiphery et the pipe line, all et said'paits heilig interchangeable and capable of re-nse fortheir respective purposes.

' ln :torins for lining with cement pli e lines and the like, standar-c longitudinal bottom `ind side 'invert'lplates, demonn'tably fastened zind"`siipp'orted Von "i'vert hulklieads; standard'arclfplatesend arch ribs, cross pieces,"bl'cls'and' Ls tosnppo'rt sait arch plates andv lrchjrihs, spacing pins on theo'i'iter'periphery ot said arch plates, and linking means on the inner periphery oi' y "means linl;4 ing the arch platesandarch i lis and wedgingine'ans" at the abiitments 'et the 'a ch plates'nnd'arch'ribs, to -force thespecing pins in i' vimate Contact with tli'ednner peripheryotthetpipe line and'tosnpport said arch plates-and ribs, all of said parts being interchangeable and capablev of re-use for their respective purposes.

7. is an article of manufacture, a unit for a form for lining pipes with cement, said unit comprising a rectangular sheet metal plate having cylindrical curvature, a longitudinal bar rigidly secured along one lateral edge of said gli and a pair of bar in superposed relation rigidly secured along the opposite edge thereof, the inner of said pair of bars being narrower than the outer to afford a groove for accommodating the bar of an adjoining plate in the assembled form.

S. As an article of manufacture, ak unit for a form for lining` pipes with cement, said unit comprising a sheet metal arch plate having spacer means projecting there-v from and having rigid abutments at its ends for the application of thrust thereto 'to rigidly sust-ain the arch plate with said spacer means pressed into firm contact engagement with the interior of the pipe.

9. A form for lining pipe lines with ce ment or the like, comprising longitudinal bottom and side invert plates demountably fastened, arch plates extending through arcs complementaryto said bottom andy side invert plates, means clamping the arched edges of contiguous arch plates intoy firm demountable engagement, vto form an arch length substantially equal to the length of the invert plates, and means to space the outside wall of all of said plates at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the pipe.

lO. A joint serving to connect successive arch plates in a form for lining pipes with cement, said joint comprising a reinforcing band superposed over abutting edges of contiguous plates, anchoring fittings on said plates and laterally of said band, j and clamping pieces coacting with said anchor fittings and straddling said reinforcing band and serving to draw the edges of said plate into firm batting relation.

ll. ln forms for lining with cement pipe lines and the like, invert plate means, an arch plate extending through an arc complementary to said invert plate means, all of said plates yielding circumferentially ofk the pipe, spacer means for said plates, and means expandino` said plates to pressfthe spacer means into firm contact engagement with the interior ofthe pipe. l

l2. In forms for lininfY with cement, pipe lines and the like, longitudinal bottom and side invert plates demountably fastened,'an arch plate extending through an arci complementary to said invert plates, all of said plates yielding circumferentially of the pipe, spacer means for interpcsition between he said plat-es and the pipe to be lined, and means for expanding said plates to press the spacer means into firm engagement with the interior ofthe pipe.

13. In forms for lining with cement pipe lilies and the like, invert plate means, arch plates land arch ribs demountably fastened., said arch plates an-d ribs extending each through an arc complementary to said invert plate means, all of said plates and ribs yielding circumferentially of the pipe,

Vspacer means for interposition between said plates and the pipe to be lined, and means for .expanding said plates to press the spacer means into firm contact engagement with the interior of thepipe.

14e A form for lining pipe lines with cement or the like comprising invert plate means extending lengthwise of the pipe for a length substantially that of the pipe diameter, arch plates extending through arcs complementary to said invert plate means, means clamping the arch edges of contiguons arch plates into firm demountable engagement to form an arch length substantially equal to the length lof the invert plate means, and means to space the outside wall of all ofsaid plates at a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the pipe.

15. A. form for lining pipe lines with cement or the like, comprising invert plate means, arch plates extending through an arc complementary vto said invert plate means, supporting bulkheads for the ends of said invert plate means to space the latter from the inner wall of the pipe to be lined, spacer pins upon the arch plates to correspondingly spacethe latter from said pipe wall, said plates being yielding andi` means exerting pressure at the ends of said plates to accu`v rately position the form to adapt' itself to the inner wall of the pipe.

16. Ina form for lining pipe lines with cement or the like, in combination arch plates, arch ribs overlapping contiguous edges of successive arch plates, wedging means coacting with the ends of said ribs and reacting against the ends of said plates to tighten said ribs with respect to said plates, and means coacting with the lower ends of said assembly to expand said plates in correct position within the -pipe to be lined. i

17.l The method of providing a pipe installation withv a. uniform lining of cement which consists in laying an unlined light flexible steel pipe, subjecting it to substantially the conditions of norm-al use so that it will assume a cross-sectional form at each part of the length thereof corresponding to the stresses thereon in use, embedding the pipe to maintain said form, expanding demountable flexible standard metal forms to contact the interior of the pipe with a plurality of spacers thereoinlilling cementitious material in the space between'the pipe -and the forms, and removing the forms for repeatedfusc after theelnatelial has; har-denedi 18. rlhe method of liningwa pipev length of liglitvflexblest'eel, the eross section of@ which ist deformed from: ar true circle, Whichinclndesthe-ste as'y ofi ex )andina a demounttable-flexiblestandard metalv form-to press:

rigid? uniformspa ersv thereon; against: theinner Wall oftheppef, filling*- cementitions materialv in the spaceqhetiveenthe pipe-:and

the;',forine.;Y and; removing;- they forms; for ree. pea-ted,use, aftertheimaterial has hardenech 19. The;processgoflining the interior of;k metallicpipeswith mortali, which comeVv prises first foriiaingnV al scn'ies-ofnoni-contigueons lower'-'seeti'ons` of: mortar-lining Which enteendfless than.` half-Way aroundthe@in:`

taining the desired clearance-space: between' the convex', face lof vsai d` lower-- forms and the concavefa'ce of thefpipe-nf'all separatezmeans fon maintaining .Y similar. clearance-space; for. the overhead forms?`r and Wedgingnn'eans for` forcing saidforfmsfinte; the -desiredicunvature andfmaintaininggthein in theiradjustedposietion.V

21. 11T' set'. of VcoinQleznentanylower-f` and overhead iiefrihlefmold-forms of sheet metal, fonuse. inf appl; ngtcfpipesv lin-ingi suc-h. as ofi 'mort lin "coinl inaticn-f with fmeansfor maintainingft-hez desiredA cleanancespace;@hetweent'l `fcenven face;v ff'said formaandit-he concave interior face ofiithevpipeewall; and Wedoingsineans for forcing: the respective forms intothef desired cunvatiire andmain'- taining-: tflfxem` in,l` their-.desiredl pesition.:`

22.?V flexible inold-forinf-l of sheet-metal fory use in"applying, tol pipesY arliningisnch as;r ofi 1nont'an,-meansf'or maintaining the desire-di clemance-spacey between; the convexr` facer of theforniandf. the concave` -interion face of' the-.- pipeevelh, and wedgingsineansfer forcing; said fernrintof'tli'e: idesinedcurv-L ature and maintaining it in its adjusted positionl 28. ,A3 flexible lnoldfonmi of sheetfmet-alf, having ag set of spacing-stimeprojecting fnoinonefface thereofgifor use in applying to pipes. a-lininggsuch: asV ofxmertar; in combination. vwith A Wedgingemeanss, for; ftc'- inggsaidaforen inte then-desiredv curvature andi maintaining it in'V its adjust-ed,position;

Aliexiblef mold-form of-V shectenetail", for use:l in. applying--toy pipes af liningqsnch asofl mcrtar, in; combination with; Wedging:` means for'.v forcing-V said ferm .into the. de,u srgedcurv:1i-tureA and-.finantaining: it .in1 its adjusted? pestiengpa'nd means.: comprising spacingfhulkheads1 for 1 closing; then endsv of, the clearance spaeefenclosed by said form;

25. The herein-describedprocess: of apply-ing, to metal, conduits an,v interior *lining the.- ends of a plurality of loWerclea-iancespaces, then covering ,alternate clearance` spacesw-ith sheet-.metal forms which: extend less than-halfway up the'sidesof the pipe7 then by' Wedgingection forcing said; forme into. the desired curvature and securely maintaining them `in their Vadjusted" position, them filling-qsaid` enclosed alternate spacesfW-ith.. montanandallowing it. t0 se@ next similarly covering and Wedging and@ then I filling;` said intervening,"` spaces, then enclesing-thecomplementary overhead space by meansof contiguousoverhead formsg ofV sheet` meta-1.,. next by Wedgi-ng-action fore-v ing@saidevcrheach formsA into theY desired curvature-vand:securelgt7 maintaining them in thei"I adjusted position, and finally filling said overhead space with mortar and allow. ing it to set..

26;' The herein-desemleedv apparatus for applyingto. the Yinterior of metallic pipes` ai lining'gsnch; as onefof: mortar, vwhich comfprises` ai set of.V lower n'ioldsforms of. sheetmetal-J curved-- to extend less thanV half-Way around the interiory ofr the pipe7v ancuate bulltheads separating them; from the inte-- rior: face ofthe-pipe and. with' said formsenclosing; a loiverclearance-space, readilyap'plialele andzreadiljwremoeahle Wcdgingmea-.nsfor forcingrsafid forms into the .proper curvature-and iniaintainingthem seeurelyin their adjusted posit-ion, a set of overhead' off mortanA which consists-of first enclosine: l

lflf) moldefformsK4 also of shee-tiinet;al,l arcuateV overhead!bullh-eads sepanating overf head forme fremxthef interiorfacel of: me pipe-y and 'with' 'saidf overhead lforms enclosing: any overhead:- cleamnce-space and readilyfappliab'le `and readilyeremovable Wed'gfy ingrineans forI forcing; said overhead forms into` the'l proper curvature anch maintainingythem securely` inr-theiradjusted@ position.

27..'i`l'1'c4 herein-described apparatusV for applyingifto. the -nterionofl metallic pipes alining such as; oneof inert-an, which;coin-A prises a'd setzof` lowermold-.forms of isheetmetaly Ycurved to:` extend less: than halfway around the interior ofi/the pipe'7 means for maintaining; theV desired clearanceespace hetween` the@ convex'A face of .said-f forms. and the concave Wallv offthe' pipe comprising` meansfcrzclosing'the-ends of said; clearance-space, readil1yr-applied` and' readily-.reino'ved@ Wedgingenieans for: forcing: said fernisin: tothe propercurvature and maintaining them .securely in; position., afset of overhead m'oldiforms also of lsheet-metallq suitable' means for. maintaining thefdeeired clearance-space. betweenv the convex face of said: overhead forms andlfthe concave-avail ot the pipe comprising ineens for closing the ends of said space, and readily-applied and readily-removed Wedging-means for separately forcing said overhead forms into 5 the desired curvature and maintaining them in tneir adjusted position.

28. A iexibl inold-t'orin of sheet-metal imi/ing a set of spacing-studs 'projecting from one face, for use in applying to pipes.

tion with Wedging-1neans for forcing said forni into the desired curvature and 1nain A taining` the saine in its adjusted position, and spacing-buikheads for closing' the ends of the clearance-space enclosed by said forni.

Signed at Kingston, in the county of Ulster and State of New York, this 17th day of- Septeinber, A. D. 1924i.

JGSEPH T. RGE. 

